During what phase are raptors most attentive to predator threats?

During nesting and incubation, raptors are particularly attentive to predator threats as they are in a vulnerable phase of their reproductive cycle. This period involves the female raptor spending significant time on the nest to incubate eggs, which makes her and the nest site susceptible to potential predators. Therefore, the birds must be highly vigilant to protect their eggs from any disturbance or predation. The stress and risk of losing their offspring encourage heightened awareness and immediate defensive behaviors against threats.

In contrast, while courtship displays, fledging of young, and migration may involve some level of awareness to potential threats, they do not match the critical level of vigilance needed during the nesting and incubation period, when both the adults are at a high risk of confrontation with predators, leading to a greater emphasis on protective behavior.