In the Sonoran desert, which hawk is most likely identified if one is perched on a tall saguaro cactus with others on its back?

The Harris' hawk is often identified in the Sonoran Desert, especially when seen perched on tall saguaros, as they are known for utilizing these prominent perches for hunting and socializing. This species exhibits a distinct social behavior, often seen in groups, which aligns with the description of multiple individuals perched together. Their adaptability to desert environments and their fondness for cacti as vantage points makes them a common sight in this region.

In contrast, the other birds mentioned—like the Rough-legged hawk and Ferruginous hawk—are generally found in other habitats and have different nesting and perching preferences. The Prairie falcon, while present in desert areas, tends to favor more open terrain with less reliance on vertical perches such as cacti. Thus, the social structure and environmental preferences of the Harris' hawk distinctly support its identification as the most likely hawk in this scenario.