Which hawk occupies and defends the largest area of territory?

The Gyrfalcon is known to occupy and defend the largest territory among hawks. This species is a powerful bird of prey that thrives in the northern regions and has adapted to survive in vast and harsh environments. The Gyrfalcon's large home range is essential for finding sufficient food to sustain itself, especially in areas where prey may be scarce or dispersed.

In contrast, other species like the Marsh hawk, Cooper's hawk, and American Kestrel typically have smaller territories. Marsh hawks tend to hunt in specific wetland areas, while Cooper's hawks often reside in forested regions where they can make use of cover while hunting smaller birds. The American Kestrel, being a smaller falcon, also requires less space compared to the Gyrfalcon, focusing on urban and open habitats where food is readily available. Thus, the Gyrfalcon stands out for its expansive territory needs, leading to its recognition as the hawk that occupies and defends the largest area.