Which species is known to breed successfully at one year of age?

The American kestrel is known to breed successfully at just one year of age, making it one of the earliest breeding birds among raptors. This trait allows them to maximize their reproductive output as they can potentially have multiple broods during their relatively short lifespan. In contrast, the peregrine falcon and the bald eagle generally do not breed until they are two to three years old, as they require more time to reach full maturity and develop the skills necessary for successful nesting and raising of young. This differentiation in breeding age has implications for the population dynamics and conservation strategies of these species, as earlier breeders like the American kestrel can help sustain their numbers more rapidly.